28.10.2025
COPD symptoms such as chronic cough, shortness of breath and
reduced physical capacity affect men disproportionately. For a long
time, COPD was even considered a “man’s disease,” as smokers made up
the majority of patients. Although the number of female patients has
since risen sharply, the risk for men remains high – especially due to
smoking, occupational exposures and often late diagnosis.
This article highlights the typical risk factors, disease progression
in men and why it is so important not to ignore early symptoms.
Do you want to keep a closer eye on your COPD symptoms?
The Breathment app helps you document coughing, shortness of
breath and changes in physical capacity. This way, you can
detect changes early and work with your doctor to take action.
Smoking as the Main Risk Factor
Over 80% of male COPD cases are directly or indirectly linked to
tobacco use. Men often start smoking earlier and consume higher
amounts over many years. The rule applies: the longer and heavier the
smoking history, the higher the risk of developing
COPD symptoms.
Secondhand smoke can also play a role, especially in households or
workplaces. Men with high exposure are significantly more frequently
affected.
Occupational Exposures: Dust, Fumes and Chemicals
Besides smoking, the work environment is a central factor. Men are
more likely to work in jobs where they are exposed to dust, fumes or
chemicals – such as in construction, metalworking or agriculture.
These exposures intensify airway inflammation and accelerate disease
progression.
Studies show that men who both smoke and work in high-exposure jobs
develop COPD symptoms particularly quickly and more often
suffer from severe forms of the disease.
Typical Disease Progression in Men
While women often present with more unspecific symptoms, men tend to
show the classic progression:
-
Chronic cough (“smoker’s cough”) over several years.
-
Sputum production as a sign of chronic bronchitis.
-
Shortness of breath, first during exertion, later even at
rest.
This slow progression means that many men downplay their complaints or
blame them on smoking – and only seek medical help late.
Learn more about these differences in
Psychosocial Differences: How Men and Women Deal with COPD.
Late Diagnosis as a Risk
Many men only seek medical help once symptoms have become severe. By
then, the disease is often already advanced. Early diagnosis through
lung function testing can, however, help slow down progression.
Therefore: anyone suffering from persistent cough or shortness of
breath – especially smokers, ex-smokers or those with occupational
exposure – should see a doctor early.
Prevention and Therapy
The most important measure remains quitting smoking. Within just a few
weeks, coughing and shortness of breath improve, and after months lung
function stabilizes. In addition, breathing therapy, physical activity
and appropriate medication are key to treatment.
Digital tools such as the Breathment app help track
COPD symptoms in everyday life, identify situations of
increased strain and prepare better for doctor’s visits.
Conclusion – Why Men Should Be Especially Vigilant
Men remain particularly at risk of developing COPD. Smoking,
occupational exposures and the tendency to ignore symptoms mean that
the disease is often diagnosed late. Typical
COPD symptoms such
as chronic cough, sputum production and shortness of breath should
therefore never be taken lightly.
Early diagnosis, consistent smoking cessation and active symptom
tracking can slow disease progression and significantly improve
quality of life.
Learn more about the particular challenges women face in
COPD in Women: Late Diagnosis and Underestimated Risks. To understand how menopause influences symptom patterns, see
How COPD Behaves During Menopause.
